Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
1) “Administrative Action Draft Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact Statement”. United States Federal Highway Administration. Honolulu. State of Hawaii. 1977.
This source was very helpful with my research. The book was basically a copy of the original EIS of the H-3 and some letters that people in Government passes to each other. This source was helpful because from the book I used photos and the letters to gain insight on both sides of the question, for building the H-3, or not.
2) "Agency Response & July 6, 1982 Public Hearing Testimony Interstate Route H-3 Trans-Ko'olau Highway Draft Second Supplement EIS/4 (f) Statement (1982)" July 6 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a protest letter from the Kane'ohe Kahalu'u neighborhood on the windward side of O'ahu. This entitled that the Omega station is unfit for construction so near to the H-3. Also it says that there is adverse affects of the freeway on the valley and the cultural significance of the valley to Hawaiians.
3) "Agency Response & July 6, 1982 Public Hearing Testimony Interstate Route H-3 Trans-Ko'olau Highway Draft Second Supplement EIS/4 (f) Statement (1982) Page 2". July 6, 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was page 2 to the agency response from Kahalu'u it entitled more about the H-3 and more protests on the H-3.
4) "Alternative A Common Boundary Alignment with Directional Ramp B". Map. 1982. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a map of the archeological sites in the Alternative A under the Directional Ramp B. Notice there 8 cultural sites that are affected by the highway. Also keep in mind that all the sites are not confirmed. This means that they could be burial sites, houses, or monuments.
5) Bishop Museum Hawaii. "Cultural Studies - Bishop Museum." Welcome to the Bishop Museum. Bishop Museum Hawaii. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/cultstud/pdfs/pdf.htm>.
This source helped a lot; it had original drawings in digital pdf forms from the Bishop Museum in Hawaii. The document had surveys and scientific research on the H-3. Most confirmed that H-3 did adversely affect animal and plant populations.
6) "Colocation of H-3 and Omega Station and the Affect on Peacemakers" July 15 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source was a letter regarding Arthur Guys survey of the Peacemaker generators that were used n the Omega station. It shows that people don't believe that there was proper testing and that the Environmental Impact Statement will require shielding. It only says that shielding should be incorporated.
7) "Construction Industry Legislative Organization". July 26, 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii
This source was a picture of a letter from CLIO that was actually a petition supporting the H-3 highway. I intend to put this on the actual website.
8) "Demonstration against the H-3 freeway". Picture. Bishop Museum Hawaii.
This source was a picture of people protesting the construction of the H-3. The picture has about 8 people holding signs that clearly oppose the H-3. Most of the demonstrators are older and are standing in front of the Bishop Museum entrance.
9) "Distribution of Vegetation Types in North Halawa Valley". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of North Halawa valley taken before the H-3 was built. It shows many plants that were native and the pristine valley floor and area that eventually became the Hawaii Stadium.
10) "Figure B1 Field Measurements". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a graph that supplemented the Omega station. This graph detailed the electric flow of the Peacemakers as distance was increased or decreased. The graph was original and contained in the EIS.
11) "Figure B3 Final H Field and IN Data Based on Measurements". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is another graph on the H field of the peacemakers. They accurately account for the electricity flowing through the wires and the electromagnetic field thats emitted by the wires.
12) "Fig. 2 View of Site 50-0a~B1-71, facing south N. Halawa Stream is in the Background". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50-0a~B1-71 facing south. It shows that the sites are real and although the site is somewhat small, it is man made. The site was destroyed once H-3 was built.
13) "Fig. 5 View of Site 50a-0-B1-74, Facing Northwest. Main wall is in forground, with talus behind". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-74 facing the northwest. It shows that the sites are real and is really hard to make out. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They are clearly not man-made.
14) "Fig. 5 View of Site 50a-0-B1-73, Facing South". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-73 facing the southern side of the valley. It shows that the sites are real and is really hard to make out. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They are not man-made.
15) "Fig. 7 View of Site 50-0a-B1-75 Facing West". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-75 facing the West. It shows that the sites are real and is very clear. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They comprise of small walls and bigger rocks that were stacked.
16) Foster-Snell, Sarah. “Honolulu Advertiser, Hawaii Archives –Historic Omega Station Shutdown” Hawaii State Public Library, June 1987, 13 November 2010.
This was a news clip article from the original newspaper on June 1987 of the OMEGA stations opening under the H-3 freeway that is under construction. This news clip gave insight into the problems facing the OMEGA station and the possible benefits. In the article it also explains why the station was shutdown and during the construction phase human remains were dug up. Possibly the human remains were from ancient Hawaiian burial sites that were surveyed in the area.
17) "H-3 Route Map". Map. 1982. Bishop Museum, Hawaii
This was an original route map on H-3 that was original to the time period of the drawings that was made for the freeway.
18) "Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association". Petition/letter. December 6 1986. Bishop Museum, Hawaii."
This source was a petition on the H-3 by the Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association. The letter has signatures from about 15-16 people with addresses and full names. These people oppose the H-3
19) "Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association". Petition/letter. December 6 1986. Bishop Museum, Hawaii."
This is the larger version of the petition that is original. I noticed that all signatures are confirmed but one signature is scratched out.
20) Ishihara Margaret, Personal Interview. By Reece Ishihara. Pearl City. 15 August 2010.
This interview helped a lot. The interview started with the general area of the state of Hawaii and major changes. In the interview I stated the question of the development of the H-3 and the interviewee stated that the H-3 was probably build to relive traffic congestion in the other highways like the Pali and Likelike highways.
21) "Normalized H Field at Outer Boundary of Ground System". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source is another graph of the Omega stations electromagnetic fields. The graph is original and contained in the EIS.
22) "North Halawa Interchange form North Halawa entrance and view toward the Koolau's with the proposed TH-3 highway superimposed". Picture. 1983. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source shows the TH-3 settled in the Halawa valley region. The photo was original with the proposed highway added after the picture was taken. The photo was only used once to show the alternative route.
23) Sakamoto, Ken. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News." Hawaii Archives - Honolulu Star-Bulletin Archives - Starbulletin.com - Archives.starbulletin.com. Honolulu Star Bulletin. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://archives.starbulletin.com/1997/12/03/news/story2.html>
This source helped with getting a quote that Senator Daniel Inouye said when H-3 opened. That was “I am optimistic that once the H-3 is open for all to use, it will become one of the more popular highways in our state”
24) "Sites to be Affected by Construction, Kane'ohe Interchange, H-3 Highway. November 17 1986. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This letter from the Bishop Museum shows all the sites in code that are affected by construction permitters. Most sites range from Not affected to Heavily affected by the construction area that encircles most of the Halawa valley and Haiku valley areas.
25) TenBruggencale, Jan “Honolulu Advertiser –Omega Station Perils to H-3 Users?”. Hawaii State Public Library. Picture and article. 6 October 1986. 13 November 2010.
This article and picture had an original map of the OMEGA station and the H-3 location. It also gave “pros and cons” of the station and reports of shock that was felt by workers when constructing the OMEGA station. I think I will use this as one of the pictures that will go on the website.
26) Trask, Haunani-Kay. Ku'e. Honolulu, Hawaii. Mutual Publishing. October 2004
This was a book by Haunani-Kay that contained photos on Hawaiian arguments and debates. The book demonstrates that the Hawaiian people faced many debates over the annexed land of Hawaii. The H-3 was part of the bigger picture of debate that’s still going on today.
27) US Federal Highway Administration. “Final Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact”. Honolulu. State of Hawaii. 1982
This source was also very helpful with my research. In this source I could see that there was an obvious argument between the contractors of H-3 and the community of Kaneohe and the entire windward side of O'ahu. Arguments mostly centered on the OMEGA station, Cultural sites, and environmental fauna and flora.
28) US Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration, and of Hawaii Department of Transportation. “Draft Third Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact Statement”. Honolulu, State of Hawaii. 1987
This source was another part to the EIS in 1987. This source was also good with showing the arguments on fauna and flora. This source also shows the ongoing arguments from the community for opposing the H-3 to save cultural sites and scenery in North Halawa Valley to the Windward side.
29) U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, State of Hawaii Department of Transportation. Final Supplement to the Interstate Route H-3 Environmental Impact Statement VOLUME VI. Honolulu Hawaii. September 1978.
This source was the final supplement volume 4 to the H-3 project printed in 1978. This source goes over all of the flora and fauna parts of Hs-3 with some sections on the H-3 impact and cultural sites in the area.
30) U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, State of Hawaii Department of Transportation. Final Supplement to the Interstate Route H-3 Environmental Impact Statement VOLUME V. Honolulu Hawaii. August 1977.
This source was volume 5 to the H-3 project and gave insights to public relations, and all other aspects of H-3. Also gave original pictures and original letters of the project.
31) Viti, Carl. “Honolulu Advertiser – The Coast Guard Omega Station in Haiku valley”. Hawaii Public State Library. Picture. 6 October, 1986. 13 November 2010.
This is an original picture from 1986 of the finished OMEGA station in Haiku valley. In the picture there is no immediate showing of H-3 on the mountain slopes. This indicates H-3 was not built at the time.
SECONDARY SOURCES
1) Eckbo, Dean, Austin & William, and Morris G. Fox. H-3 Socio-Economic Study: the Effects of Change on a Windward Oahu Rural Community. Honolulu Hawaii, 1973.
This was a book regarding the windward side of Oahu’s views on the construction of the H-3. They say it will “modernize” the windward side and open it up to enterprises and mainland business, which they feel, is not needed. The community says that small, family owned businesses will go bankrupt in favor of bigger name mainland titles like Wal-mart and Safeway. In this book you can tell that the windward side is split. Majority of windward residents don’t feel the h-3 will positively affect their side of the island, but a small number of individuals feel that H-3 will positively affect the windward side. This shows the constant debate which is still going on now.
2) E. Avery Wright. “Component of H-3, 100”. Web editorial. Micheal Tsai. Honolulu Advertiser. 26 August, 2010.
This source helped me better understand the problem of the H-3. It gave the people side of view into light and showed evidence of why people don’t want interstate H-3 to be built. But this source was somewhat bias so it was used to a very little extent.
3) Braswell, Barbara J. "Pride in Accomplishment: The Interstate H-3 Project - Vol. 61· No. 6 - Public Roads." Federal Highway Administration: Home. Federal Highway Administration & U.S Department of Transportation, May 1998. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/98may/h3.cfm>.
This source help me better understand to fact of H-3 being an “Interstate” when it doesn’t run through any other states. This also gave the history of H-3 and the reason for such a long period of time from conception to actual construction.
4) Fischer, John. H-3 Highway Kane'ohe. Photograph. John Fischer, Licensed to About.com, Kane'ohe Hawaii. Hawaii/ South Pacific Travel. About.com. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. <http://gohawaii.about.com/od/oahuphotos/ig/Aerial-Photos-of-Oahu/paradise_oahu_063.html>.
This source was a picture of the H-3 from a helicopter that was from a personal photographer. The picture was helpful because it provided the aerial view of the freeway.
5) Gordon, Mike. "The Honolulu Advertiser | Celebrating 150 Years." H-3 Freeway. The Honolulu Advertiser, 2 July 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq5h3>.
This source was am editorial on he H-3 and was used to dub the initial local name of "Highway to Nowhere" and showed the gave the completion date of 1997. It also gave the the distance of 16.1 miles and according to the website, the cost was 1.3 billion in the 1990's. This is confirmed by many other sources.
6) "H-3 Opens - Hawaii History - Short Stories." HawaiiHistory.org - Hawaii History - Home. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.hawaiihistory.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&PageID=354&returntoname=year 1997&returntopageid=256>.
This source was a secondary historical site where it talked about the costs and the reason the H-3 was built. This source helped me better understand the cost and cement the fact that H-3 was built for military use under a threat to national security. This status is what places H-3 under the Eisenhower National Defense System of interstate freeways.
7) "Hawaii @ AARoads - Interstate H3 / John A. Burns Freeway." Calendar. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. <http://www.aaroads.com/guide.php?page=i00h3hi>.
This source helped me identify the dates on when EIS statements were approved, when construction began, and when the final opening of the freeway was. This source was mainly a timeline of the events that unfolded throughout a 20-year period. One of the longest public roads in Hawaii’s history.
8) “Interstate H-3” AAROADS interstate guide. AAROADS 26 August 2010 <http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-h-003.html>
This source gave some pictures of the H-3’s construction and some texts on the building status and what was affected in the immediate vicinity. This source was somewhat helpful but gave limited information regarding the situation with the cultural sites, fauna, and flora.
9) Melgar, Christian. "Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds -Distribution, Status, and Population Updates 2002." BIRDING HAWAII. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XEndemicforestbirds2.htm>
This sources helped understand the bird populations during the time before and after the H-3. The many tables on this webpage shows a lot of research in bird watching and population declines. Most birds on the tables either declined during the period of study, or have become extinct.
10) Omandam, Pat. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News." Hawaii Archives - Honolulu Star-Bulletin Archives - Starbulletin.com - Archives.starbulletin.com. Ed. Helen Altonn. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://archives.starbulletin.com/97/12/12/news/story3.html>.
This source was from the online archives of the Star Bulletin on the opening day of H-3. It also includes some pictures that were taken as the representatives and some important VIP’s exited tour busses on the Haiku valley side of the H-3 after the Harano Tunnels. This source helped me because it gave quotes from the builders and of the representatives that attended that opening day.
11) Omega Station Honolulu, Hawaii OMSTA Kaneohe Oahu HI OMSTA Haiku, Hawaii." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. U.S Cavalry: Coast Guard Division. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/haiku.htm>.
This source helped me better understand the OMEGA problems. With this source I learned that the Coast Guard with affiliations with Argentina, Norway, Liberia, France, Japan, and Australia owned the OMEGA station.
12) “Paradise Crossed” Civil Engineering. Bert, Ray. EBSCO host. 26 August, 2010.
This source showed reasons why the H-3 was built. The most widely explained reason was for the reduction of trans-ko’olau traffic. Creating the H-3 will relieve traffic congestion and help transport goods to the Windward side of O’ahu.
13) Takeyama Jordan “Daniel Inouye: From Idealism to Entrenchment”. Unpublished Book.
This source gave Senator Daniel Inouye’s point of building the H-3. He stated that H-3 would relieve congestion on the Pali and Likelike highways. He also stated that the H-3 would help supply Kaneohe Marine Corps base in Kaneohe O’ahu.
14) Shikina, Robert. "Tetsuo Harano's Name Is Restored for All to See above the H-3 Tunnel | The Honolulu Advertiser | Hawaii's Newspaper." Honoluluadvertiser.com. Honolulu Advertiser, 26 July 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Jul/26/ln/FP607260359.html>.
This source helped explain the change in name from John A. Burns freeway to Tetsuo Harano Tunnels. The fact that it changed is not the big issue. The big issue was that even when the H-3 was completed, controversy and debate rang out from previously silenced voices. This source shows the ever pending debate going on with H-3.
15) “Superhighways.” 2010. The History Channel website. Nov 18 2010, 11:44 http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/episodes/episode-guide.
This source was a video from history channel that was about super highways. This source told me that H-3 was nominated for many awards for beauty and driver friendliness. The show had a small section dedicated to H-3 but it also said that building the tunnels was a nightmare. The Ko’olau mountains have dikes was filled with water. Builders needed to drill an exploratory tunnel that exists today as a maintenance tunnel.
16) "The H3, Oahu." BestPlacesHawaii.com - Vacation Planning and Hawaii Travel Info. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.bestplaceshawaii.com/tips/hidden_places/h3_freeway.html>
This source helped me better understand the location as far as the Hawaiian valley names and ahupa’a names in the area of the H-3 and OMEGA locations.
17) Sanders, Craig. "The Island Interstate - Vol. 57· No. 1 - Public Roads." Federal Highway Administration: Home. 1993. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su16.cfm>.
This source helped confirm a lot of information. First that H-3 was built next to an originally planned Omega station and that the H-3 was the first public project in Hawaii to require an Environmental Impact Statement.
18) U.S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. "Route Log- Main Routes of the Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways - Table 1." Federal Highway Administration: Home. 2002. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.htm>.
This source showed a table of highways under the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. All of the major highways in Hawaii including the H-3 are under this system.
19) Weingroff, Richard. "Interstates in Hawaii: ARE WE CRAZY??? - Ask the Rambler - Highway History - FHWA." Federal Highway Administration: Home. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/hawaii.cfm>.
This source helped me see specific dates that the H-3 construction process went through. I used this sources dates to verify dates on my website. The source had an explanation of the Eisenhower National Defense Interstates and why H-3 is considered an interstate although it does not cross another state.
1) “Administrative Action Draft Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact Statement”. United States Federal Highway Administration. Honolulu. State of Hawaii. 1977.
This source was very helpful with my research. The book was basically a copy of the original EIS of the H-3 and some letters that people in Government passes to each other. This source was helpful because from the book I used photos and the letters to gain insight on both sides of the question, for building the H-3, or not.
2) "Agency Response & July 6, 1982 Public Hearing Testimony Interstate Route H-3 Trans-Ko'olau Highway Draft Second Supplement EIS/4 (f) Statement (1982)" July 6 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a protest letter from the Kane'ohe Kahalu'u neighborhood on the windward side of O'ahu. This entitled that the Omega station is unfit for construction so near to the H-3. Also it says that there is adverse affects of the freeway on the valley and the cultural significance of the valley to Hawaiians.
3) "Agency Response & July 6, 1982 Public Hearing Testimony Interstate Route H-3 Trans-Ko'olau Highway Draft Second Supplement EIS/4 (f) Statement (1982) Page 2". July 6, 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was page 2 to the agency response from Kahalu'u it entitled more about the H-3 and more protests on the H-3.
4) "Alternative A Common Boundary Alignment with Directional Ramp B". Map. 1982. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a map of the archeological sites in the Alternative A under the Directional Ramp B. Notice there 8 cultural sites that are affected by the highway. Also keep in mind that all the sites are not confirmed. This means that they could be burial sites, houses, or monuments.
5) Bishop Museum Hawaii. "Cultural Studies - Bishop Museum." Welcome to the Bishop Museum. Bishop Museum Hawaii. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/cultstud/pdfs/pdf.htm>.
This source helped a lot; it had original drawings in digital pdf forms from the Bishop Museum in Hawaii. The document had surveys and scientific research on the H-3. Most confirmed that H-3 did adversely affect animal and plant populations.
6) "Colocation of H-3 and Omega Station and the Affect on Peacemakers" July 15 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source was a letter regarding Arthur Guys survey of the Peacemaker generators that were used n the Omega station. It shows that people don't believe that there was proper testing and that the Environmental Impact Statement will require shielding. It only says that shielding should be incorporated.
7) "Construction Industry Legislative Organization". July 26, 1982. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii
This source was a picture of a letter from CLIO that was actually a petition supporting the H-3 highway. I intend to put this on the actual website.
8) "Demonstration against the H-3 freeway". Picture. Bishop Museum Hawaii.
This source was a picture of people protesting the construction of the H-3. The picture has about 8 people holding signs that clearly oppose the H-3. Most of the demonstrators are older and are standing in front of the Bishop Museum entrance.
9) "Distribution of Vegetation Types in North Halawa Valley". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of North Halawa valley taken before the H-3 was built. It shows many plants that were native and the pristine valley floor and area that eventually became the Hawaii Stadium.
10) "Figure B1 Field Measurements". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This was a graph that supplemented the Omega station. This graph detailed the electric flow of the Peacemakers as distance was increased or decreased. The graph was original and contained in the EIS.
11) "Figure B3 Final H Field and IN Data Based on Measurements". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is another graph on the H field of the peacemakers. They accurately account for the electricity flowing through the wires and the electromagnetic field thats emitted by the wires.
12) "Fig. 2 View of Site 50-0a~B1-71, facing south N. Halawa Stream is in the Background". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50-0a~B1-71 facing south. It shows that the sites are real and although the site is somewhat small, it is man made. The site was destroyed once H-3 was built.
13) "Fig. 5 View of Site 50a-0-B1-74, Facing Northwest. Main wall is in forground, with talus behind". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-74 facing the northwest. It shows that the sites are real and is really hard to make out. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They are clearly not man-made.
14) "Fig. 5 View of Site 50a-0-B1-73, Facing South". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-73 facing the southern side of the valley. It shows that the sites are real and is really hard to make out. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They are not man-made.
15) "Fig. 7 View of Site 50-0a-B1-75 Facing West". Picture. 1981. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This is a picture of site 50a-0-B1-75 facing the West. It shows that the sites are real and is very clear. The sites are not naturally made and were carbon-dated to be as old as the ancient-hawaiian era. They comprise of small walls and bigger rocks that were stacked.
16) Foster-Snell, Sarah. “Honolulu Advertiser, Hawaii Archives –Historic Omega Station Shutdown” Hawaii State Public Library, June 1987, 13 November 2010.
This was a news clip article from the original newspaper on June 1987 of the OMEGA stations opening under the H-3 freeway that is under construction. This news clip gave insight into the problems facing the OMEGA station and the possible benefits. In the article it also explains why the station was shutdown and during the construction phase human remains were dug up. Possibly the human remains were from ancient Hawaiian burial sites that were surveyed in the area.
17) "H-3 Route Map". Map. 1982. Bishop Museum, Hawaii
This was an original route map on H-3 that was original to the time period of the drawings that was made for the freeway.
18) "Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association". Petition/letter. December 6 1986. Bishop Museum, Hawaii."
This source was a petition on the H-3 by the Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association. The letter has signatures from about 15-16 people with addresses and full names. These people oppose the H-3
19) "Haiku Plantation Home Owners Association". Petition/letter. December 6 1986. Bishop Museum, Hawaii."
This is the larger version of the petition that is original. I noticed that all signatures are confirmed but one signature is scratched out.
20) Ishihara Margaret, Personal Interview. By Reece Ishihara. Pearl City. 15 August 2010.
This interview helped a lot. The interview started with the general area of the state of Hawaii and major changes. In the interview I stated the question of the development of the H-3 and the interviewee stated that the H-3 was probably build to relive traffic congestion in the other highways like the Pali and Likelike highways.
21) "Normalized H Field at Outer Boundary of Ground System". Graph. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source is another graph of the Omega stations electromagnetic fields. The graph is original and contained in the EIS.
22) "North Halawa Interchange form North Halawa entrance and view toward the Koolau's with the proposed TH-3 highway superimposed". Picture. 1983. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This source shows the TH-3 settled in the Halawa valley region. The photo was original with the proposed highway added after the picture was taken. The photo was only used once to show the alternative route.
23) Sakamoto, Ken. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News." Hawaii Archives - Honolulu Star-Bulletin Archives - Starbulletin.com - Archives.starbulletin.com. Honolulu Star Bulletin. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://archives.starbulletin.com/1997/12/03/news/story2.html>
This source helped with getting a quote that Senator Daniel Inouye said when H-3 opened. That was “I am optimistic that once the H-3 is open for all to use, it will become one of the more popular highways in our state”
24) "Sites to be Affected by Construction, Kane'ohe Interchange, H-3 Highway. November 17 1986. Letter. Bishop Museum, Hawaii.
This letter from the Bishop Museum shows all the sites in code that are affected by construction permitters. Most sites range from Not affected to Heavily affected by the construction area that encircles most of the Halawa valley and Haiku valley areas.
25) TenBruggencale, Jan “Honolulu Advertiser –Omega Station Perils to H-3 Users?”. Hawaii State Public Library. Picture and article. 6 October 1986. 13 November 2010.
This article and picture had an original map of the OMEGA station and the H-3 location. It also gave “pros and cons” of the station and reports of shock that was felt by workers when constructing the OMEGA station. I think I will use this as one of the pictures that will go on the website.
26) Trask, Haunani-Kay. Ku'e. Honolulu, Hawaii. Mutual Publishing. October 2004
This was a book by Haunani-Kay that contained photos on Hawaiian arguments and debates. The book demonstrates that the Hawaiian people faced many debates over the annexed land of Hawaii. The H-3 was part of the bigger picture of debate that’s still going on today.
27) US Federal Highway Administration. “Final Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact”. Honolulu. State of Hawaii. 1982
This source was also very helpful with my research. In this source I could see that there was an obvious argument between the contractors of H-3 and the community of Kaneohe and the entire windward side of O'ahu. Arguments mostly centered on the OMEGA station, Cultural sites, and environmental fauna and flora.
28) US Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration, and of Hawaii Department of Transportation. “Draft Third Supplement to the Interstate H-3 Environmental Impact Statement”. Honolulu, State of Hawaii. 1987
This source was another part to the EIS in 1987. This source was also good with showing the arguments on fauna and flora. This source also shows the ongoing arguments from the community for opposing the H-3 to save cultural sites and scenery in North Halawa Valley to the Windward side.
29) U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, State of Hawaii Department of Transportation. Final Supplement to the Interstate Route H-3 Environmental Impact Statement VOLUME VI. Honolulu Hawaii. September 1978.
This source was the final supplement volume 4 to the H-3 project printed in 1978. This source goes over all of the flora and fauna parts of Hs-3 with some sections on the H-3 impact and cultural sites in the area.
30) U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, State of Hawaii Department of Transportation. Final Supplement to the Interstate Route H-3 Environmental Impact Statement VOLUME V. Honolulu Hawaii. August 1977.
This source was volume 5 to the H-3 project and gave insights to public relations, and all other aspects of H-3. Also gave original pictures and original letters of the project.
31) Viti, Carl. “Honolulu Advertiser – The Coast Guard Omega Station in Haiku valley”. Hawaii Public State Library. Picture. 6 October, 1986. 13 November 2010.
This is an original picture from 1986 of the finished OMEGA station in Haiku valley. In the picture there is no immediate showing of H-3 on the mountain slopes. This indicates H-3 was not built at the time.
SECONDARY SOURCES
1) Eckbo, Dean, Austin & William, and Morris G. Fox. H-3 Socio-Economic Study: the Effects of Change on a Windward Oahu Rural Community. Honolulu Hawaii, 1973.
This was a book regarding the windward side of Oahu’s views on the construction of the H-3. They say it will “modernize” the windward side and open it up to enterprises and mainland business, which they feel, is not needed. The community says that small, family owned businesses will go bankrupt in favor of bigger name mainland titles like Wal-mart and Safeway. In this book you can tell that the windward side is split. Majority of windward residents don’t feel the h-3 will positively affect their side of the island, but a small number of individuals feel that H-3 will positively affect the windward side. This shows the constant debate which is still going on now.
2) E. Avery Wright. “Component of H-3, 100”. Web editorial. Micheal Tsai. Honolulu Advertiser. 26 August, 2010.
This source helped me better understand the problem of the H-3. It gave the people side of view into light and showed evidence of why people don’t want interstate H-3 to be built. But this source was somewhat bias so it was used to a very little extent.
3) Braswell, Barbara J. "Pride in Accomplishment: The Interstate H-3 Project - Vol. 61· No. 6 - Public Roads." Federal Highway Administration: Home. Federal Highway Administration & U.S Department of Transportation, May 1998. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/98may/h3.cfm>.
This source help me better understand to fact of H-3 being an “Interstate” when it doesn’t run through any other states. This also gave the history of H-3 and the reason for such a long period of time from conception to actual construction.
4) Fischer, John. H-3 Highway Kane'ohe. Photograph. John Fischer, Licensed to About.com, Kane'ohe Hawaii. Hawaii/ South Pacific Travel. About.com. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. <http://gohawaii.about.com/od/oahuphotos/ig/Aerial-Photos-of-Oahu/paradise_oahu_063.html>.
This source was a picture of the H-3 from a helicopter that was from a personal photographer. The picture was helpful because it provided the aerial view of the freeway.
5) Gordon, Mike. "The Honolulu Advertiser | Celebrating 150 Years." H-3 Freeway. The Honolulu Advertiser, 2 July 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq5h3>.
This source was am editorial on he H-3 and was used to dub the initial local name of "Highway to Nowhere" and showed the gave the completion date of 1997. It also gave the the distance of 16.1 miles and according to the website, the cost was 1.3 billion in the 1990's. This is confirmed by many other sources.
6) "H-3 Opens - Hawaii History - Short Stories." HawaiiHistory.org - Hawaii History - Home. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.hawaiihistory.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&PageID=354&returntoname=year 1997&returntopageid=256>.
This source was a secondary historical site where it talked about the costs and the reason the H-3 was built. This source helped me better understand the cost and cement the fact that H-3 was built for military use under a threat to national security. This status is what places H-3 under the Eisenhower National Defense System of interstate freeways.
7) "Hawaii @ AARoads - Interstate H3 / John A. Burns Freeway." Calendar. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. <http://www.aaroads.com/guide.php?page=i00h3hi>.
This source helped me identify the dates on when EIS statements were approved, when construction began, and when the final opening of the freeway was. This source was mainly a timeline of the events that unfolded throughout a 20-year period. One of the longest public roads in Hawaii’s history.
8) “Interstate H-3” AAROADS interstate guide. AAROADS 26 August 2010 <http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-h-003.html>
This source gave some pictures of the H-3’s construction and some texts on the building status and what was affected in the immediate vicinity. This source was somewhat helpful but gave limited information regarding the situation with the cultural sites, fauna, and flora.
9) Melgar, Christian. "Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds -Distribution, Status, and Population Updates 2002." BIRDING HAWAII. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XEndemicforestbirds2.htm>
This sources helped understand the bird populations during the time before and after the H-3. The many tables on this webpage shows a lot of research in bird watching and population declines. Most birds on the tables either declined during the period of study, or have become extinct.
10) Omandam, Pat. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News." Hawaii Archives - Honolulu Star-Bulletin Archives - Starbulletin.com - Archives.starbulletin.com. Ed. Helen Altonn. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://archives.starbulletin.com/97/12/12/news/story3.html>.
This source was from the online archives of the Star Bulletin on the opening day of H-3. It also includes some pictures that were taken as the representatives and some important VIP’s exited tour busses on the Haiku valley side of the H-3 after the Harano Tunnels. This source helped me because it gave quotes from the builders and of the representatives that attended that opening day.
11) Omega Station Honolulu, Hawaii OMSTA Kaneohe Oahu HI OMSTA Haiku, Hawaii." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. U.S Cavalry: Coast Guard Division. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/haiku.htm>.
This source helped me better understand the OMEGA problems. With this source I learned that the Coast Guard with affiliations with Argentina, Norway, Liberia, France, Japan, and Australia owned the OMEGA station.
12) “Paradise Crossed” Civil Engineering. Bert, Ray. EBSCO host. 26 August, 2010.
This source showed reasons why the H-3 was built. The most widely explained reason was for the reduction of trans-ko’olau traffic. Creating the H-3 will relieve traffic congestion and help transport goods to the Windward side of O’ahu.
13) Takeyama Jordan “Daniel Inouye: From Idealism to Entrenchment”. Unpublished Book.
This source gave Senator Daniel Inouye’s point of building the H-3. He stated that H-3 would relieve congestion on the Pali and Likelike highways. He also stated that the H-3 would help supply Kaneohe Marine Corps base in Kaneohe O’ahu.
14) Shikina, Robert. "Tetsuo Harano's Name Is Restored for All to See above the H-3 Tunnel | The Honolulu Advertiser | Hawaii's Newspaper." Honoluluadvertiser.com. Honolulu Advertiser, 26 July 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Jul/26/ln/FP607260359.html>.
This source helped explain the change in name from John A. Burns freeway to Tetsuo Harano Tunnels. The fact that it changed is not the big issue. The big issue was that even when the H-3 was completed, controversy and debate rang out from previously silenced voices. This source shows the ever pending debate going on with H-3.
15) “Superhighways.” 2010. The History Channel website. Nov 18 2010, 11:44 http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/episodes/episode-guide.
This source was a video from history channel that was about super highways. This source told me that H-3 was nominated for many awards for beauty and driver friendliness. The show had a small section dedicated to H-3 but it also said that building the tunnels was a nightmare. The Ko’olau mountains have dikes was filled with water. Builders needed to drill an exploratory tunnel that exists today as a maintenance tunnel.
16) "The H3, Oahu." BestPlacesHawaii.com - Vacation Planning and Hawaii Travel Info. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.bestplaceshawaii.com/tips/hidden_places/h3_freeway.html>
This source helped me better understand the location as far as the Hawaiian valley names and ahupa’a names in the area of the H-3 and OMEGA locations.
17) Sanders, Craig. "The Island Interstate - Vol. 57· No. 1 - Public Roads." Federal Highway Administration: Home. 1993. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93summer/p93su16.cfm>.
This source helped confirm a lot of information. First that H-3 was built next to an originally planned Omega station and that the H-3 was the first public project in Hawaii to require an Environmental Impact Statement.
18) U.S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. "Route Log- Main Routes of the Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways - Table 1." Federal Highway Administration: Home. 2002. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.htm>.
This source showed a table of highways under the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. All of the major highways in Hawaii including the H-3 are under this system.
19) Weingroff, Richard. "Interstates in Hawaii: ARE WE CRAZY??? - Ask the Rambler - Highway History - FHWA." Federal Highway Administration: Home. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/hawaii.cfm>.
This source helped me see specific dates that the H-3 construction process went through. I used this sources dates to verify dates on my website. The source had an explanation of the Eisenhower National Defense Interstates and why H-3 is considered an interstate although it does not cross another state.
